{"id":5240,"date":"2021-09-04T14:43:22","date_gmt":"2021-09-04T06:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3cmspace.com\/?p=5240"},"modified":"2021-09-16T16:08:46","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T08:08:46","slug":"%e6%9d%a8%e6%a0%bc%e9%9d%9e-griffith-john","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.3cmspace.com\/zh-hans\/%e6%9d%a8%e6%a0%bc%e9%9d%9e-griffith-john\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6768\u683c\u975e Griffith John"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u9996\u4f4d\u6df1\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u534e\u4e2d\u5730\u533a\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u201c\u534e\u4e2d\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3001\u201c\u534e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u5f92\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u534e\u5ba3\u6559\u957f\u8fbe57\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u65e9\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b<\/h3>\n<p>\u6768\u683c\u975e\uff08Griffith 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Congregational Memorial College\uff09\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u51b3\u5fd7\u732e\u8eab\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u7533\u8bf7\u52a0\u5165\u4f26\u6566\u5ba3\u9053\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1853\u5e74\u8f6c\u5165\u8d1d\u5fb7\u798f\u5fb7\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff08Bedford Academy\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u795e\u5b66\u88c5\u5907\uff0c\u4e8c\u5e74\u540e\u88ab\u6309\u7acb\u4e3a\u7267\u5e08\u30021855\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u4e0e\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u5973\u513f\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u683c\u4e3d\u83f2\u4e1d\uff08Margaret Griffith\uff09\u5c0f\u59d0\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u5a5a\u540e\u968f\u5373\u51c6\u5907\u8d77\u8eab\u8fdc\u8d74\u975e\u6d32\u4e1c\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u9a6c\u8fbe\u52a0\u65af\u52a0\u5c9b\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5cb3\u7236\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u5c9b\u5ba3\u6559\u5148\u9a71\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\u6b63\u5f53\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5c9b\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u4e71\uff0c\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u95e8\u6682\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u573a\u6b63\u6025\u5207\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u5c31\u6539\u6d3e\u8fd9\u5bf9\u65b0\u5a5a\u592b\u5987\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e34\u884c\u524d\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u5dee\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u4f17\u4eb2\u53cb\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3e\u884c\u6b22\u9001\u5bb4\u4f1a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6768\u683c\u975e\u90a3\u65f6\u5df224\u5c81\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4ed6\u8eab\u6750\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ee\u5c0f\uff0c\u76f8\u8c8c\u7a1a\u5ae9\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u95f9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u8ddf\u5728\u540c\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u8eab\u6750\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u97e6\u5ec9\u81e3(A. Williamson) \u540e\u9762\u8d70\u5165\u4f1a\u573a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u95e8\u8b66\u7adf\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6765\u51d1\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u4ed6\u62e6\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4ed6\u8fdb\u5165\u4f1a\u573a\u3002\u6768\u683c\u975e\u9042\u5411\u4ed6\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u6b22\u9001\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u95e8\u8b66\u542c\u540e\u54c8\u54c8\u5927\u7b11\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u539f\u6765\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u6d3e\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53bb\u5462\uff1f\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u53bb\u5e26\u9886\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f52\u5411\u57fa\u7763\uff1f\u201d\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4f4d\u95e8\u8b66\u51b3\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u7adf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5ba3\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u5de8\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u8d74\u534e\u5ba3\u6559<\/h3>\n<p>1855\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u5e26\u7740\u65b0\u5a5a\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u548c\u97e6\u5ec9\u81e3\u592b\u5987\u4e00\u8d77\u767b\u4e0a\u4e86\u8fdc\u822a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8f6e\u8239\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u4e0a\u98a0\u7c38\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e9 \u670824 \u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u822a\u7a0b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7cbe\u75b2\u529b\u5c3d\uff0c\u521d\u8e0f\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u811a\u4e0b\u5728\u6643\u52a8\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6f2b\u6f2b\u5ba3\u6559\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u6768\u683c\u975e\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u7740\u4e00\u6279\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u7b49\u5f85\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8d44\u6df1\u800c\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u9ea6\u90fd\u601d\u7267\u5e08\uff08Rev. Walter H. Medhurst\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u65f6\u5e38\u8fd9\u6837\u7977\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u554a\uff0c\u6c42\u4f60\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6253\u5f00\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u597d\u5206\u6563\u4f60\u7684\u4f17\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u53e5\u7977\u8bed\u7ed9\u6768\u683c\u975e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u9192\u4ed6\u66f4\u52a0\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5bfb\u6c42\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e94\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u56db\u5904\u5de1\u56de\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u53bf\u3001\u677e\u6c5f\u5e9c\u548c\u9752\u6d66\u53bf\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e2d\u4f53\u5473\u5230\u8981\u53eb\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u4f55\u7b49\u4e4b\u8270\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u8bbf\u592a\u5e73\u519b<\/h3>\n<p>1857\u5e74\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u548c\u827e\u7ea6\u745f\uff08Joseph Edkins\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u8f96\u533a\u8003\u5bdf\uff1b1860\u5e746-8\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u827e\u7ea6\u745f\u7b49\u4e94\u4f4d\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u524d\u5f80\u82cf\u5dde\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u62dc\u4f1a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5fe0\u738b\u674e\u79c0\u6210\u548c\u5e72\u738b\u6d2a\u4ec1\u7395\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u5929\u738b\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5055\u540c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u4e24\u540d\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5bb9\u95f3\u2014\u2014\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u81ea\u7531\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u9886\u8896\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u6781\u529b\u7ea0\u6b63\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u906d\u5230\u6d2a\u79c0\u5168\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u83b7\u51c6\u5230\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8f96\u533a\u5185\u5c45\u4f4f\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5ba3\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u534e\u4e2d\u5ba3\u6559<\/h3>\n<p>1860 \u5e74\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u95e8\u6237\u66f4\u52a0\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u5206\u6563\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u968f\u4e4b\u6765\u5230\u3002\u6768\u683c\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6eaf\u957f\u6c5f\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u53bb\u534e\u4e2d\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u30021861\u5e746\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08Robert Willson\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4e58\u8239\u524d\u5f80\u6c49\u53e3\uff0c\u773c\u671b\u7740\u4e24\u5cb8\u8fe4\u9026\u7684\u98ce\u5149\u548c\u6ed4\u6ed4\u6c5f\u6c34\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7981\u53d1\u51fa\u8d5e\u53f9\u4e0e\u611f\u6069\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u7f8e\u4e3d\u548c\u5b8f\u4f1f\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u9053\u3002\u201d\u62b5\u8fbe\u6c49\u53e3\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5373\u5728\u6c88\u5bb6\u5e99\u91d1\u5ead\u516c\u5e97\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ece\u8d70\u4e0b\u8f6e\u8239\u4e00\u811a\u8e0f\u4e0a\u6c49\u53e3\u571f\u5730\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u7b97\u8d77\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u5728\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u6574\u6574\u4f4f\u4e8651\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u52301912\u5e74\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd4\u56de\u6545\u571f\u82f1\u56fd\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d80\u5c81\u7684\u8001\u4eba\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6768\u683c\u975e\u5411\u6765\u6ce8\u91cd\u8bb2\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u81ea\u5e74\u5c11\u65f6\u5c31\u6709\u8bb2\u9053\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6df1\u5165\u6d45\u51fa\u5730\u5c06\u798f\u97f3\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u5730\u5ba3\u8bb2\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8bb2\u9053\uff0c\u5176\u5a01\u529b\u4e0e\u9b45\u529b\u4ecd\u4e0d\u51cf\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8001\u5c11\u5987\u5b7a\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u8d29\u592b\u8d70\u5352\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u54cd\u4eae\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u624b\u52bf\u548c\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u4ed6\u521d\u5230\u6c49\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5730\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u7fa4\u4f17\u524d\u6765\u542c\u8bb2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8857\u5934\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u201d\u30021862\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u7ec8\u5f97\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fe1\u5f92\u53d7\u6d17\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u6e10\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5f52\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e9f\u9700\u5bfb\u89c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u573a\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u805a\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u6768\u683c\u975e\u9042\u4e8e1863\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6c49\u53e3\u5939\u8857\u592a\u5e73\u5df7\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u534e\u4e2d\u5730\u533a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u793c\u62dc\u5802\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u9996\u6069\u5802\u201d\u3002\u968f\u540e\u76f8\u7ee7\u5728\u8521\u5bb6\u5df7\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u6069\u5149\u5802\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u7edf\u4e00\u8857\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u201c\u6551\u6069\u5802\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u82b1\u697c\u8857\u8d2d\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4f26\u6566\u4f1a\u201c\u82b1\u697c\u603b\u5802\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6c49\u53e3\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u7edf\u7b79\u534e\u4e2d\u4e00\u5e26\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002 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\u5e74\u7684\u5b5d\u611f\u4e4b\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6768\u683c\u975e\u4e00\u6b21\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u90a3\u6b21\u4ed6\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6839\u6d4e\u533b\u751f(John Kenneth MacKenzie) \u4e00\u8d77\u63a5\u53d7\u5b5d\u611f\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\u524d\u5f80\u5e03\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u5374\u906d\u5230\u4e00\u573a\u51e0\u4e4e\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u4e00\u8def\u5c3e\u968f\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u58f0\u543c\u53eb\uff1a\u201c\u6eda\u56de\u6c49\u53e3\u53bb!\u6740\u6b7b\u6d0b\u9b3c\u5b50! 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